X-rays are a type of electromagnetic radiation widely used in medical and industrial fields. Although most X-rays are produced artificially, there are also some phenomena in nature that produce X-rays.

X-ray crystal analyzer is a kind of large analytical instrument for studying the internal microstructure of substances, mainly used in single crystal orientation, defect detection, residual stress determination, single crystal dislocation and so on.

X-ray diffraction is the most effective and most widely used means, and X-ray diffraction is the first method used by humans to study the microstructure of matter.