X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) provides atomic-level insights into energy materials. It tracks real-time valence and structural changes in lithium-ion battery electrodes during cycling. For fuel cell catalysts, XAS reveals active sites and stability mechanisms by analyzing electronic states and coordination environments. In photocatalysts, it elucidates charge transfer pathways and dynamic site evolution, guiding the design of advanced materials.

This guide details XAS experiment design, emphasizing uniform sample preparation (e.g., grinding, dilution, inert handling) and precise measurement control (e.g., scan ranges, beam parameters, data averaging). Proper execution ensures reliable data on local atomic structure, vital for catalysis and energy materials research.

Synchrotron radiation is the electromagnetic radiation produced along the tangent direction of the orbit when the electron is moving in high-speed curve, which can be used to carry out many advanced scientific and technological research.